Those of us who work with PeopleSoft, and especially the HCM product, are all too familiar with the concept of effect-dated data, and the need to find data that was effective at a particular date. PeopleSoft products have always made extensive use of correlated sub-queries to determine the required rows from an effective-dated record.
The JOB record is the heart of HCM. It is both effective-dated and effective sequenced. I will use it for the demonstrations in this article. I am going to suggest an alternative, although Oracle-specific, SQL construction.
Let's start by looking at the job data for an employee in the demo database. Employee KF0018 has 17 rows of data two concurrent jobs. The question I am going to ask is "What was the annual salary for this employee on 11 February 1995?". Therefore, I am interested in the rows marked below with the asterisks.
The analytic functions can be selected in the PS/Query, and their lengths and titles can be tidied up.
This is the resulting SQL which is the same as before (with row-level security added by PS/Query) and produces the same results.
The JOB record is the heart of HCM. It is both effective-dated and effective sequenced. I will use it for the demonstrations in this article. I am going to suggest an alternative, although Oracle-specific, SQL construction.
Let's start by looking at the job data for an employee in the demo database. Employee KF0018 has 17 rows of data two concurrent jobs. The question I am going to ask is "What was the annual salary for this employee on 11 February 1995?". Therefore, I am interested in the rows marked below with the asterisks.
column annual_rt format 999,999
SELECT emplid, empl_rcd, effdt, effseq, action, deptid, currency_cd, annual_rt
FROM ps_job j
WHERE j.emplid = 'KF0018'
ORDER BY 1,2,3,4
/ EMPLID EMPL_RCD EFFDT EFFSEQ ACT DEPTID CUR ANNUAL_RT
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- --- ---------- --- ---------
KF0018 0 12-JUN-83 0 HIR 13000 FRF 120,000
KF0018 0 01-JAN-84 0 PAY 13000 FRF 123,600
KF0018 0 01-JAN-85 0 PAY 13000 FRF 127,308
KF0018 0 01-JAN-86 0 PAY 13000 FRF 131,764
KF0018 0 01-JAN-87 0 PAY 13000 FRF 136,376
KF0018 0 01-JAN-88 0 PAY 13000 FRF 140,467
KF0018 0 01-JAN-89 0 PAY 13000 FRF 147,490
KF0018 0 22-JAN-95 0 PRO 13000 FRF 147,490
KF0018 0 22-JAN-95 1 PAY 13000 FRF 294,239 *
KF0018 0 22-JAN-96 0 PAY 13000 FRF 318,575
KF0018 0 01-JAN-98 0 PAY 13000 FRF 346,156
KF0018 0 01-JAN-00 0 DTA 13000 FRF 346,156
KF0018 0 01-JAN-02 0 PAY 13000 EUR 52,771
KF0018 1 01-NOV-89 0 ASG 21300 GBP 22,440
KF0018 1 31-DEC-93 0 ASC 21300 GBP 22,440
KF0018 1 01-JAN-94 0 ASG 12000 GBP 22,440 *
KF0018 1 31-DEC-95 0 ASC 10000 GBP 22,440ALTER SESSION SET statistics_level = ALL;I extracted the execution plans and execution statistics with the following command
I think this construction could be useful in PeopleSoft. At first glance, the SQL appears more complicated, but in this example, it removed two correlated sub-queries. select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'IOSTATS')) Typical PeopleSoft Platform Agnostic Construction
This is the usual way to construct the query in PeopleSoft. It is also valid on all databases platforms supported by PeopleSoft, not just Oracle.SELECT emplid, empl_rcd, effdt, effseq, action, deptid, currency_cd, annual_rt
FROM ps_job j
WHERE j.effdt = (
SELECT MAX (j1.effdt) FROM ps_job j1
WHERE j1.emplid = j.emplid
AND j1.empl_rcd = j.empl_rcd
AND j1.effdt <= TO_DATE('19950211','YYYYMMDD'))
AND j.effseq = (
SELECT MAX (j2.effseq) FROM ps_job j2
WHERE j2.emplid = j.emplid
AND j2.empl_rcd = j.empl_rcd
AND j2.effdt = j.effdt)
AND j.emplid = 'KF0018'
ORDER BY 1,2,3,4
/EMPLID EMPL_RCD EFFDT EFFSEQ ACT DEPTID CUR ANNUAL_RT
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- --- ---------- --- ---------
KF0018 0 22-JAN-95 1 PAY 13000 FRF 294,239
KF0018 1 01-JAN-94 0 ASG 12000 GBP 22,440Plan hash value: 2299825310
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | Reads |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 2 |00:00:00.01 | 26 | 2 |
| 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 1 | 1 | 2 |00:00:00.01 | 26 | 2 |
| 2 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 1 | 2 |00:00:00.01 | 26 | 2 |
| 3 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 1 | 3 |00:00:00.01 | 21 | 2 |
| 4 | VIEW | VW_SQ_1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |00:00:00.01 | 14 | 2 |
|* 5 | FILTER | | 1 | | 2 |00:00:00.01 | 14 | 2 |
| 6 | HASH GROUP BY | | 1 | 1 | 2 |00:00:00.01 | 14 | 2 |
| 7 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| PS_JOB | 1 | 1 | 12 |00:00:00.01 | 14 | 2 |
|* 8 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | PS_JOB | 1 | 1 | 12 |00:00:00.01 | 2 | 2 |
| 9 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | PS_JOB | 2 | 1 | 3 |00:00:00.01 | 7 | 0 |
|* 10 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | PSAJOB | 2 | 1 | 3 |00:00:00.01 | 4 | 0 |
|* 11 | VIEW PUSHED PREDICATE | VW_SQ_2 | 3 | 1 | 2 |00:00:00.01 | 5 | 0 |
|* 12 | FILTER | | 3 | | 3 |00:00:00.01 | 5 | 0 |
| 13 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 3 | 1 | 3 |00:00:00.01 | 5 | 0 |
|* 14 | FILTER | | 3 | | 5 |00:00:00.01 | 5 | 0 |
|* 15 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | PSAJOB | 3 | 1 | 5 |00:00:00.01 | 5 | 0 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
5 - filter("J1"."EMPLID"='KF0018')
8 - access("J1"."EMPLID"='KF0018' AND "J1"."SYS_NC00164$">=HEXTORAW('883CFDF4FEF8FEFAFF') )
filter(SYS_OP_UNDESCEND("J1"."SYS_NC00164$")<=TO_DATE(' 1995-02-11 00:00:00', 'syyyy-mm-dd
hh24:mi:ss'))
10 - access("J"."EMPLID"='KF0018' AND "ITEM_2"="J"."EMPL_RCD" AND
"J"."SYS_NC00164$"=SYS_OP_DESCEND("MAX(J1.EFFDT)"))
filter(SYS_OP_UNDESCEND("J"."SYS_NC00164$")="MAX(J1.EFFDT)")
11 - filter(SYS_OP_UNDESCEND("J"."SYS_NC00165$")="MAX(J2.EFFSEQ)")
12 - filter(COUNT(*)>0)
14 - filter('KF0018'="J"."EMPLID")
15 - access("J2"."EMPLID"='KF0018' AND "J2"."EMPL_RCD"="J"."EMPL_RCD" AND
"J2"."SYS_NC00164$"=SYS_OP_DESCEND(SYS_OP_UNDESCEND("J"."SYS_NC00164$")))
filter(SYS_OP_UNDESCEND("J2"."SYS_NC00164$")=SYS_OP_UNDESCEND("J"."SYS_NC00164$"))_UNNEST_SUBQUERY=FALSEAnalytic Function and In-Line View/Sub-query Factor
I have seen people use a combination of analytic functions and in-line views to avoid having to use the correlated sub-query construction. This has been possible since Oracle 9i.WITH X AS (
SELECT emplid, empl_rcd, effdt, effseq, action, deptid, currency_cd, annual_rt
, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY emplid, empl_rcd
ORDER BY effdt DESC, effseq DESC) myrowseq
FROM ps_job j
WHERE j.effdt <= TO_DATE('19950211','YYYYMMDD')
AND j.emplid = 'KF0018'
)
SELECT emplid, empl_rcd, effdt, effseq, action, deptid, currency_cd, annual_rt
FROM x
WHERE myrowseq = 1
ORDER BY 1,2,3,4
/EMPLID EMPL_RCD EFFDT EFFSEQ ACT DEPTID CUR ANNUAL_RT
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- --- ---------- --- ---------
KF0018 0 22-JAN-95 1 PAY 13000 FRF 294,239
KF0018 1 01-JAN-94 0 ASG 12000 GBP 22,440Plan hash value: 1316906785
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 2 |00:00:00.01 | 14 |
| 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 1 | 1 | 2 |00:00:00.01 | 14 |
|* 2 | VIEW | | 1 | 1 | 2 |00:00:00.01 | 14 |
|* 3 | WINDOW NOSORT | | 1 | 1 | 12 |00:00:00.01 | 14 |
| 4 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| PS_JOB | 1 | 1 | 12 |00:00:00.01 | 14 |
|* 5 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | PSAJOB | 1 | 1 | 12 |00:00:00.01 | 2 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - filter("MYROWSEQ"=1)
3 - filter(ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY "EMPLID","EMPL_RCD" ORDER BY
"J"."SYS_NC00164$","J"."SYS_NC00165$")<=1)
5 - access("J"."EMPLID"='KF0018' AND "J"."SYS_NC00164$">=HEXTORAW('883CFDF4FEF8FEFAFF')
)
filter(SYS_OP_UNDESCEND("J"."SYS_NC00164$")<=TO_DATE(' 1995-02-11 00:00:00',
'syyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'))Analytic Function Keep Clause
This form of the analytic functions is documented for the first time in 12c, but is available in 10g (my thanks to Tony Hasler for introducing me to it). It works by effectively keeping a running maximum value of the columns in the order by clause within in group.SELECT emplid, empl_rcd
, MAX(effdt) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY effdt, effseq) AS effdt
, MAX(effseq) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY effdt, effseq) AS effseq
, MAX(action) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY effdt, effseq) AS action
, MAX(deptid) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY effdt, effseq) AS deptid
, MAX(currency_cd) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY effdt, effseq) AS currency_cd
, MAX(annual_rt) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY effdt, effseq) AS annual_rt
FROM ps_job j
WHERE j.effdt <= TO_DATE('19950211','YYYYMMDD')
AND j.emplid = 'KF0018'
GROUP BY emplid, empl_rcd
/EMPLID EMPL_RCD EFFDT EFFSEQ ACT DEPTID CUR ANNUAL_RT
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- --- ---------- --- ---------
KF0018 0 22-JAN-95 1 PAY 13000 FRF 294,239
KF0018 1 01-JAN-94 0 ASG 12000 GBP 22,440Plan hash value: 1550496807
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 2 |00:00:00.01 | 15 |
| 1 | SORT GROUP BY NOSORT | | 1 | 1 | 2 |00:00:00.01 | 15 |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| PS_JOB | 1 | 1 | 12 |00:00:00.01 | 15 |
|* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | PS_JOB | 1 | 1 | 12 |00:00:00.01 | 3 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
3 - access("J"."EMPLID"='KF0018' AND "J"."SYS_NC00164$">=HEXTORAW('883CFDF3FEF8FEFAFF'
) )
filter(SYS_OP_UNDESCEND("J"."SYS_NC00164$")<=TO_DATE(' 1995-02-12 00:00:00',
'syyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'))Using Analytic Functions in PS/Query
Of course, you can code it anywhere where you can simply enter SQL as text. However, it also has the advantage over the other analytic function construction that it can be coded in the PS/Query tool. The analytic functions in the select clause should be created in PS/Query expressions with the aggregate expression checkbox ticked. |
| Analytic Function in Aggregated Expression in Windows Client version of PS/Query |
 |
| PS/Query with Analytic 'Keep' Functions |
This is the resulting SQL which is the same as before (with row-level security added by PS/Query) and produces the same results.
SELECT A.EMPLID, A.EMPL_RCD, MAX(effdt) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY effdt, effseq)
, MAX(effseq) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY effdt, effseq), MAX(action) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY effdt, effseq), MAX(deptid) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY effdt, effseq), MAX(currency_cd) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY effdt, effseq), MAX(annual_rt) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY effdt, effseq)
FROM PS_JOB A, PS_EMPLMT_SRCH_QRY A1
WHERE ( A.EMPLID = A1.EMPLID
AND A.EMPL_RCD = A1.EMPL_RCD
AND A1.OPRID = 'PS'
AND ( A.EFFDT <= TO_DATE('1995-02-11','YYYY-MM-DD')
AND A.EMPLID = 'KF0018' ) )
GROUP BY A.EMPLID, A.EMPL_RCD
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